HIST 100: Engineering The Past

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The Site of the Fair

April 19, 2016 by camillaswainston Leave a Comment

I chose the site as the engineered place of my choice from the world fair. The site was the most important part in my opinion because it was monumental in the experience of the fair as a whole. The site is engineered because it was found because it was perfect for the fair and was the best meeting place for all of the buildings and rides to be able to fit. They chose Chicago in order to help make it a more important city and to bring it up as a global city. In The Book of the Fair, the site was extremely well thought out because it needed to be on a shore or lake, also there was a need for a flat area for the rides that were to be built. There would only be success if they would be able to build all of the rides and buildings sturdily so as there would not be any safety worries.

I like how the site is described in The Book of the Fair best because it focuses on the necessary aspects of the physical necessities for the fair to be a success, whereas the Devil in the White City focuses on the universal city for the site instead of the layout of the area, it is more concerned with the actual city it was chosen for. This was very important because Chicago was a highly populated city, which would help with popularity of the fair and the ability of people to be able to reach the fair, but I prefer the description of the physical land. In The Book of the Fair, it describes the site as “easy of access by land and water, and yet not intersected by streets or railroads; it must afford space, without crowding, for a group of edifices much larger in size and number than those of any former international exhibition, and it must contain as few improvements as possible, or better no improvements in the shape of buildings, so as to present no difficulty in the way of securing and preparing it for the purposes of the Fair.” These are the necessities for the success of the fair according to that book, and it is much more detailed than the other book. I also think it is much more persuasive because it gives reasons for all of the geographical features, so that it is obvious why it is necessary.

In an article about the site, World’s Fair Remnants, it is noted how there was a beautifully flat area in which there was the ability to build buildings and domes that were necessary for the fair as meeting places.

I think that the authors explained the site differently because it was important for the book author to state why they chose the particular site, when there could have been a better choice on the east coast, with the popularity of the coast, but instead Chicago was chosen. So I think that he was trying to justify the choice in location, instead of education on the geography of the site.

The geography was important in the second book because it was describing the means of success to the location of a fair, not just the city that it is chosen, but the geography of the surrounding area. Because that is really how the success of the fair is found, in whether there is an ability to build the rides and buildings necessary for success.

Filed Under: 13.2 Features of the Fair, Group 5

Middle East

April 19, 2016 by camillaswainston Leave a Comment

If I could go back in time and talk to the Middle East about water worries and the woes that will plague them in the future regarding this topic, there are a few things that I would suggest. The main suggestion I have is making sure to regulate irrigation using a calendar of when run off is the most abundant. From this, my second idea is making sure that there is calculation of how much run off is each year. This should be measured through the winter and rainy seasons, and should be made using dams and other reservoir features to gather the water that will be able to use the water, so that there is not a high amount of salinity, since salinity can effect the outcome of the crops and in most cases make it much worse and whole fields can be ruined.

Filed Under: 08.2: Middle Eastern water woes, Group 5, Groups

Two Perfect Pages

April 18, 2016 by madisonklein Leave a Comment

The Hagia Sophia is one of the most interesting and mysterious buildings left from the ancient world. Its purpose was not practicality; it served as a symbol of innovation and advancement. Built by the Byzantine’s greatest architects, this grand and enormous structure provokes architectural admiration to this day, due to its ability to withstand 1500 years of nature’s battering and earthquakes. The structural integrity of Hagia Sophia awes architects from around the world, and they all want answers to why this structure still stands, and for how long.  

The Hagia Sophia was actually the third church built in the same location, preceded by the Megálē Ekklēsíā (“Great Church”). Just weeks after the second church burnt to the ground in 532, Emperor Justinian I ordered a new church, grander and more extravagant than any before, to be built. He hired physicist Isidore of Miletus and mathematician Anthemius of Tralles to head this enormous project. The building reached completion in the year 537, and first served as an Orthodox cathedral. At the core of Hagia Sophia’s design lays the purpose of worship, specifically Christian worship. The ideal setup for Christian use during this time consisted of a rectangular room with an apse, which stationed a priest. Ruler Justinian of the new Byzantium empire sought to maintain this structure, while simultaneously wanting to symbolize this glorious new empire and his new power. He drew off of the grand domes of other civilizations to achieve this. The problem was that while domes had previously been constructed, it had not been done on a rectangular base.

At its tallest, the ceiling stands 180 feet high in the large central dome, above the nave and dotted by forty arched windows. To support this, four smaller arches surround it, and together create the main support system of the entire structure. To make the church a rectangle, the architects came up with devices called pendentives- triangular segments that fill in gaps of the arches. On each end, there were two semi-domes backed by four giant pillars. These semi domes further expand the rectangular floor plan. It’s main architectural features include the nave, exedra, narthex, apse, and parapets. A nave is just an enormous main room, without a real main purpose. The exedra is a semicircular room with benches; its purpose could be worship or conversation. There are exedras built off of both the east and west domes in this structure. The narthex is located at the entrance; this is reserved for an emperor, and has a long ramp that leads to the upper gallery. In the Hagia Sophia, the upper gallery can be accessed by five doors. Nine more doors in the inner narthex lead to the nave. A Byzantine mosaic of Christ and an unknown emperor is portrayed above the narthex.  The apse, a large recess at the east end, is reserved for an altar. A magnificent mosaic of the Virgin Mary decorates the space above the apse.

Although best known for its architectural greatness, Hagia Sophia holds awesome artistic value with its great marble pillars and mosaics. Sophia contains marble parapets that make up the ledges, measuring 60 centimeters thick. The interior contains polychrome marbles, green, white, and purple porphyry, and nearly four acres worth of gold mosaics. Precious materials to create such a structure came from all of the Mediterranean; Hagia Sophia was a true symbol of innovation, beauty, and plain splendor.

 

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia#Apse_mosaics

https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Hagia_Sophia#Alzado\

http://ayasofyamuzesi.gov.tr/en/history

Filed Under: 0.0 Two Perfect Pages, Group 5, Groups

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